The relatively more compact domain organization confers improved stability and enhances attachment but compromises the efficiency of the viral fusion step. Alterations in local conformation, charge and hydrophobic microenvironments underpin the modulation of the epitopes such that they are not recognized by most NTD- and RBD-antibodies, facilitating viral immune escape. Structure of the Omicron S bound with human ACE2, together with the analysis of sequence conservation in ACE2 binding region of 25 sarbecovirus members as well as heatmaps of the immunogenic sites and their corresponding mutational frequencies sheds light on conserved and structurally restrained regions that can be used for the development of broad-spectrum vaccines and therapeutics.
Cui, Z., Liu, P., Wang, N., Wang, L., Fan, K., Zhu, Q., Wang, K., Chen, R., Feng, R., Jia, Z., Yang, M., Xu, G., Zhu, B., Fu, W., Chu, T., Feng, L., Wang, Y., Pei, X., Yang, P., Xie, X.S., Cao, L., Cao, Y., Wang, X., Structural and functional characterizations of infectivity and immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron, Cell (2022),
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